The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 692 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? Surely suppressed, Charlotte Gilman goes on to tell her story of how she was made an example of the repression of women in the nineteenth-century. Charlottes story describes a creative women diagnosed with a nervous disorder, whos recommended treatment is to live the life of a restricted housewive. Her doctor is also her husband, which his prescription for her is to become a couch potato. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Truth Behind The Yellow Wallpaper" essay for you Create order In his efforts to repress her, he helps lead her to her own mental deterioration. Insanity consumes her, which leads her to become obsessed with the wallpaper in her house. In the story its apparent that the woman in The Yellow Wallpaper suffers from nervous bipolar disorder/depression considering her diagnosis and treatment, with that as her influence, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaper to portray an insane asylum as her storys setting. The narrator in Gilmans story suffers from a type of nervous depression shortly after the birth of her child. Following this; her, her baby and her husband take residence in a summer vacation home which was described as a colonial mansion. A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, i would say a haunted house (Gilman 527) . Forbidden from doing work of any kind, she spends her days in her room with its barred windows, scratched flooring, and antagonizing yellow wallpaper. Charlotte perkins refers to a women who feels mentally and physically trapped inside her home after being suggested to live a domestic life by her ultimately controlling husband who refuses to acknowledge that she is genuinely sick, which in reality makes her condition worse. I have a scheduled prescription for each hour in the day; he takes care of me(Gilman 527). The narrators husband is unbearingly controlling which in the narrators state of illness, which leave her to believe that she is dependent and reliant on him. He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction(Gilman 527). During this time period it wasnt uncommon for women to be repressed and not taken seriously, as for the narrators case she was showing obvious signs of postpartum depression and needed real treatment with medication rather than just a prescription of bedrest in which she was given. Her husbands efforts to repress her is solely for his own personal agenda, his motives is to keep her within societys norms so that she can have the cookie cutter housewives image. John does not know how much i really suffer (Gilman 528). Johns sister Jennie also plays a role in helping suppress the narrator by encouraging the domestic lifestyle her husband had pushed upon the narrator. The narrator had been stripped of doing everything she had once enjoyed doing, such as writing. She was careful of hiding her writings from her husband and his sister because she was scared of what they would do if she were to go against her husbands regimen he had given.I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick(Gilman 529). The narrator and Jennie have a close relationship. Jennie is part of the hired help in which she tends to the house and keeps an eye out for her sister in-law. She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession(Gilman 529). Time goes by and the narrator becomes worse in which she starts to become unable to be around other people including her family. Jennie begins to take care of everything including watching her child and tending to the home. John thought it might do me some good to see a little company, so we just had mother and Nellie and the children down for a week. Of course i didnt do a thing. Jennie sees to everything now.(Gilman 530). The result of living a domestic live begins to take a serious toll on the narrators mental health. With nothing do, she resulted into being forced to be her own company, she is trapped within her own mind. However the narrator is able to acknowledge and believe that getting out of the house and being productive would benefit her. I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change would do me good (Gilman 527).

Decision Making Exercise For Fatigue - 912 Words

Week #3 Decision Making Exercise Throughout our daily routines and task we all have times when we become overwhelmed and fatigued. These decisions are usually affected due to fatigue as mentioned in the article written by John Tirony (NYT, Aug. 17,2011). This is caused from not having the amount of time dedicated to the decisions we have to make. When we have fatigue set in on the choices we have to make whether it be from lack of sleep or other causes we tend to make wasteful choices. In order to make the best decision in almost all scenarios we need to make sure that we have taken all of the steps necessary to complete the process with good judgement. These challenges tend to come for me when it is later in the days when I have exhausted all of my energy throughout the day with so many decisions and become anxious to get everything finished. This never allows me to make the best choices no matter what the situation and could always use some time to reflect on what are the true deci ding factors. When I feel that I have to make a decision and believe that some form of fatigue is setting in, I need to take the time to meditate, pray and ask for assistance in the process of my decision. I will make sure that the more important decisions and task that require more thinking and time need to be addressed first rather than letting them fall so late in the day. This is when I will have to require myself to have a better timeline of task to be performed for the days in order toShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Central Fatigue in Resistance and Endurance Exercises1086 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is central fatigue? Neuromuscular fatigue can be defined as a decline in performance that is usually determined by power generation capacity. 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The use of critical appraisal also allows us to make sense of research evidence and allows us to begin to close the gap betweenRead MoreThe Impact Of Nurse Fatigue1702 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Nurse Fatigue Stressful work environments, long work hours and inadequate sleep all contribute to an increase in physical and mental exhaustion amongst nurses. Typically, people choose nursing as a career to help others and to make a difference in their lives, without realizing the number of duties this career demands. Nurses may suffer in silence when they are experiencing stress. The effects can impact safe and reliable care by decreasing job satisfaction, decreasing productivityRead MoreThe Workout That Helps High School Basketball Players881 Words   |  4 Pagesseason. Conditioning is needed for basketball players to be able to withstand their abilities over the course of a game and allow the athletes to make good decisions when tired. For these reasons, the last activity of making the athletes perform in regular basketball activities after their workout will stress the athletes to make good decisions even when they are exhausted, simulating how it will be in a late game situation during th e season. This workout, as all workouts do, will apply to the manyRead MoreClinical Reasoning Of Parkinson s Disease1732 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessional has a vital role in making judgments and decisions on multiple medical situations while caring for patients. Levett-Jones’ Clinical Reasoning Cycle has been proved that patient outcome has a positive impact by using it. This essay will be guided according to Levett et al. (2010), which clinical reasoning should be applied by the nurses taking 8 steps: look, collect, process, decide, plan, act, evaluate and reflect which will help to support them on judgments and decisions made in health care. Read MorePathophysiology of Chf1432 Words   |  6 Pagesbody. Fluid then begins to back up in the veins and pushes out into the tissues, causing edema, most often in the feet, lower legs, and ankles. (Cadwallader p. 1142). Sluggish blood flow also deprives organs of oxygen and other nutrients causing fatigue and difficultly with physical exertion. The heart tries to compensate for its lack of pumping ability by becoming hypertrophic. This causes the muscle in the hearts wall to thicken thus improving the hearts pumping ability. (Cadwallader p. 1142)Read MoreHealth Issue : Major Depression1158 Words   |  5 Pagesis â€Å"disgusted by the sight of food†. †¢ Patient suffers from insomnia. She goes to sleep around midnight and wakes up numerous times during the night. She can only fall asleep by taking Ativan. †¢ Spends most of her days sleeping. She complains of fatigue and muscle aches. †¢ Patient tends to skip her classes because she lacks motivation and concentration. †¢ Patient has recurrent thoughts of suicide and a history of suicide attempts. †¢ Engages in self-mutilation to express her anger and frustrationRead More12 Hour Shifts in Nursing1418 Words   |  6 Pageserrors in the workplace due to fatigue and irregular sleep schedules. Along with these reasons and other beliefs, 12-hour shifts in nursing should be revoked. The risks outweigh the benefits for extended hour shifts in hospitals and/or healthcare facilities, for both the patients and nurses. Nurses who work 12 or more hours in a single shift put at risk the health of themselves along with the health of the patients who they are treating. Working extended shifts causes fatigue, stress and lack of productivity

The notebook Free Essays

The movie The Notebook brings forth a great amount of emotion and affection. This story, originally written by author Nicholas Sparks, follows a couple through the ups and downs of love. The great portion of the movie is a flashback looking into the lives of two young people smitten for each other. We will write a custom essay sample on The notebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when distance and other lovers separate them, the two find their way back to each other. In this movie the theory that love conquers all proves to be a major theme. This movie, origianlly a novel, starts with the Noah (Ryan Gosling) and Allie (Rachel McAdams) in their late years. It becomes apparent that Allie suffers from Alzheimer’s isease. Noah reads to her daily from a diary, but who he really is and show wrote the stories in this book remain unknown throughout most of the movie. It then flashes back to when they first met. They were teenagers at the time, and it did not take long for them to be inseparable and in love. Allie, coming from a wealthy family, was soon forbidden from dating Noah. Her parents thought their daughter deserved someone better then a mineworker. Allie’s family moves away from the town, and they do not contact each other for the few years that she is gone. During this time, Allie meets a soldier while she is a nurse during a war. Noah goes off to war, and he mother hides each and every one of them. Allie becomes engaged to her new boyfriend. Upon returning, home, she meets back up with Noah. Here, is where I find the most intense and important scene. Noah wants her back, and it is evident she feels the same way, but she now has a fianc ©. After a long, grueling scene she goes back to her man, Noah. Throughout the entirety of the movie, it flashes back and forth between the past and the present. At the end of the movie, Noah tells Allie that the story he reads to her almost everyday is about their lives, and how they now have kids. She realizes she does not have long before she forgets this touching story, and so they enjoy the little time she has remembering that this man is the love of her life. In the end, they end up passing away together in the same bed, holding tight to each other and still very much in love. In this movie, and scene particularly, the depth and emotion brought forth conjures a specific type of audience. I think that this movie was made mostly for adults, and most commonly women. I am part of this group, so I believe that is why I find it so appealing. The writer and producer ahd to keep this in min when writing the movie because of course these wo young this scene dramatically because this is when they decide they want to be with no other person besides each other. This scene I chose stars off with Allie going to Noah’s house after years of not seeing each other. As she starts to leave with an engagement ring on her finger from another man, Noah practically professes his love for her in a very tense way. The on-going question he asks is, â€Å"What do you want? † Allie repeatedly replies she does not know, but he does not even begin to take this as an answer. Once Allie exclaims she has to go, she leaves to go to the hotel where her fianc © is staying. When she arrives, he can tell that she is under much stress. Being a very caring guy, he reminds her how much he loves her, as well as she does back, but he tells her he does not want to have to convince his finace to stay with him. Allie shows back up at Noah’s house, and he knows at this point that she has come back forever. Throughout this scene, the producer shows the sexual tension between the two lovers. They set up the camera angle ot where only one person is seen at a time as they argue back and forth. Also, the way Allie has not moved far from her car shows how she is torn by being there and what she hould ultimately do. Impatience is heard in Noah’s voice throughout this entire because she keeps telling him she does not want to upset anyone, even though he lust wants her to let him know what she wants, not anyone else. During this scene in the movie, there are many effects added to the movie to set the mood. This conversation between Allie and Noah happens as she is leaving in her car after an intense scene. She is hanging onto the door of her car, letting Noah know how timid she is about this whole situation. She might be trying to show the way she does not want to be confronted about this topic. How to cite The notebook, Papers

Economic Development in Urban Areas free essay sample

Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization. There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas. But after they reached what they called their dreamland, most of them must face more problems than what they had when they lived in villages. They will face some problems because of their insufficient abilities, experience, education, and skills those are needed for a good living in big cities. For instance, they can’t provide housing or maybe they can’t find any job. And then they just stranded with the option of staying in cities or coming back home. As the result of urbanization, cities have more problems to overcome such as pollution, overpopulation, drug abuse, congestion, crime, poverty, traffic jam, slum areas, and many more. There must be something to solve these problems. Government and citizens should be involved because taking care of city problems can’t be done entirely by government. The community can be even more successful because it deals directly with problem areas. As the solution to solve those problems government can provide housing, create a new regulation transmigration program, provide skills training program, or start to develop in rural areas. Beside that, citizens can help to succeed government’s programs with giving charity, offering some good job to jobless people, becoming foster parents who subsidize the education fee for underprivileged children, or offering a low cost housing for homeless people. Last of all, urbanization not only impacts a better future than living in a village, but also worse. Villagers must consider about their ability to deal with a living in problem-ridden city before they intend to move to big cities. Economic change has helped lead America into urban crisis for the following reasons. First of all, because urban problems are no longer confined to the inner city, but are regional in nature. The federal government has, also, largely drawn from the urban policy arena, thereby having cities and sates to develop their own solutions to local problems. Furthermore, the economy of cities is no longer organized around a central business district, but is dispersed throughout a metropolitan region. Next, the national economy has experienced a fundamental reorganization and many cities have experienced the direct effects of deindustrialization and disinvestments. Additionally, the fiscal crisis within the public sector is unprecedented and has seriously negative effects for the provision of services at all levels of government. Finally, the nature of work itself has changed within cities as more women enter the labor market; the changing nature of work has affected the urban family in many ways, many of which have direct ramifications for social welfare and family policies. There is a great amount of inequality of income in some cities. Most of those who fall bellow the poverty line is African Americans and Hispanics. This is because they are placed in low paying jobs. As more and more people immigrate into the country, there are less and less jobs to go around. This creates a larger poverty gap. People just coming here to America are placed in very low-income jobs. This is all they can get if they don’t speak any English. For example, here at Rider the cleaning people are all Spanish. They don’t speak any English, and their job is to be the cleaning crew. These are the only types of jobs that these people can get most of the time, and this makes our percentage of people who are in poverty go up. Another problem that is contributing to the urban crisis is the rise of single-parent families and ‘present-orientated’ values. The problem here is that the divorce rate in America is getting higher and higher, and also the amount of children being had out of marriage is greatly increasing also. This creates one parent raising a child. The problem here is that there is no proper care for children in this situation. The parent has too much responsibility. They are to provide for the family, as well as adequately care for their children. When the single parent has to go to work, to get money to pay for a place to live, food, and clothing, there leaves no time to watch and take care of the children, meaning children are left to take care of themselves after school is over and this result in a lot of problems for the communities. These children cause trouble. They are the ones who commit most crimes in an urban environment. This is why in an urban city there is a lot more crime. There are a lot of children left unsupervised for most of the day and night. Another problem is the ethnic tensions that there are in America. There are many things that are wrong with this. The first problem is that because of racism, people are secluded. They are pushed to all live together, because people don’t want to live next to them. This is how a ghetto is started, and slums. All the people of low incomes live in the same neighborhood together. They also contain the high crime rates because these are the people who are also of single parent families and their children are left unsupervised. Another problem with racism is that people are given lower paying jobs because of their race, and also, they aren’t able to have to same amount of experience as other people. They don’t go to as good of schools, and they then might not be able to go to college, so they are stuck. They can only get a low paying job. This creates families to be stuck in poverty for generations, they can never get out, unless with government assistance of some sort. Then this makes the inner cities all full of low-income families, and creates a poverty stricken area that cannot be fixed in any way. If there were more integration within neighborhoods, then we wouldn’t have these areas. Another reason why urban America is in crisis is because of the underground urban economy. This also causes a lot of crime in urban cities. The people in these cities who are poor, and are trying to find a way out, usually try by doing something illegal. A big example of this is drug sale. People start selling drugs to get money. This creates a lot of problems. The selling of illegal materials results in murders, and robberies, to either get the drugs, pay for the drugs, or avoid getting caught selling them. Another example of this is people stealing things, like car parts, and selling it on the black market. All of these illegal acts always result in something that makes the cities look worse and worse to live in. I know that when I go into Little Rock I am really afraid, because I know that there is a really high amount of crime there, and I am always thinking that someone is going to try to shoot me for my car, rob a store that I am in, or something else. Stereotypes of cities are easily created, and this doesn’t help the situation. Also, the advancement in technology has lead many people to be left without jobs. This technology had created more unskilled labor, and putted skilled labor to a minimum. People, who had been specialists at doing certain skilled work, are constantly being replaced by machines that can do the same work faster and cheaper. This creates a huge economy gap. It makes the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, by giving all the money from the profit of sales to the company owners, rather than to employees. So, the people who were already well off, have even more money, and those people who were middle class citizens are now jobless, and can not afford to take care of their families. The problem here is obvious, the more jobs that are lost because people are replaced by machines, the greater the amount of people who become in poverty. The numbers keep increasing. The UNFPA report we are launching today is of great importance and very timely: unleashing the potential of urban growth, as the reports subtitle indicates, represents the greatest challenge of this century. The diagnosis made in the report is beyond dispute: urbanization is inevitable, but it can also be positive. Furthermore, the report focuses on poverty since it is poor people who will make up a large part of future growth. The report also focuses on the situation of women and young people. Projections suggest that in 2030, 60% of the population will be less than 18 years old. This is a very explosive situation if prevailing development models continue to exclude young people. My own research in various African capitals indicates a clear deterioration in the situation of young people, particularly with respect to access to paid employment. Younger people are taking more time than previous generations to find work and more often find themselves in precarious jobs in the informal sector. A society that does not provide challenging opportunities to its youth is a failed society. The situation is already catastrophic in the cities of the poor regions of the world and it is obvious that young people will not accept being excluded or marginalized. They will resort to alternative means, including violence, to challenge a world that leaves them so little space. I would suggest that this is urbanizations greatest challenge is giving young people access to decent jobs that match their aspirations. In short, we must recognize the great merit of this report, which identifies the real problems and makes an extremely valid diagnosis.

Edgar Varese Essays - Varese, Edgard Varse, , Term Papers

Edgar Varese Edgard Varese was born in Paris and studied composition there. He came to the United States at the age of thirty-two. He is considered an American composer. In most of his works, he used the spelling "Edgar", but later used the French spelling "Edgard". Varese was one of the most original composers. He was not satisfied with traditional instruments or the tempered scale of twelve equal half steps to the octave. He thought of his music as structures in sound. He did not think there was a need for the human performer. Varese had the idea that the music should not be changed from its intended message. He thought that by people playing sheet music, the music was slightly deformed from its original version. He figured that to do this, the composer's score would be transferred to an electric machine. From then on, anyone would be able to press a button to play the music exactly as the composer had written it. To Varese, music is spatial. He thought of musical sounds as masses in space. In his playing he would no longer use the old conception of melody or interplay of melodies. In Varese's music, there are sustained sounds, sliding sounds, and certain favorite percussion sounds.

Practice in Identifying Adjectives

Practice in Identifying Adjectives This exercise will give you practice in recognizing adjectivesthe part of speech that modifies (or qualifies the meaning of) nouns. To learn more about adjectives in English, see: Adding Adjectives and Adverbs to the Basic Sentence UnitPractice in Turning Adjectives Into AdverbsSentence Building with Adjectives and AdverbsSentence Combining With Adjectives and Adverbs Instructions The sentences in this exercise have been adapted from those in two paragraphs of E.L. Doctorows novel Worlds Fair (1985). (To read Doctorows original sentences, go to Ritual in Doctorows Worlds Fair.) See if you can identify all the adjectives in these 12 sentences. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers on page two. Grandmas room I regarded as a dark den of primitive rites and practices.She had two wobbly old candlesticks.Grandma lit the white candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room clean and tidy.She had a very impressive hope chest covered with a shawl and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a plain rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a flat box packed with a medicinal leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most consistent and mysterious ritual.She removed the lid from this blue box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made tiny pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the thin wisps of smoke.The smell was pungent, as if from the underworld. Here are the answers to the  Exercise in Identifying Adjectives. Adjectives are in bold print. Grandmas room I regarded as a  dark  den of  primitive  rites and practices.She had  two wobbly old  candlesticks.Grandma lit the  white  candles and waved her hands over the flames.Grandma kept her room  clean  and  tidy.She had a very  impressive  hope chest covered with a  shawl  and on her dresser a hairbrush and comb.There was a  plain  rocking chair under a lamp so she could read her prayer book.And on an end table beside the chair was a  flat  box packed with a  medicinal  leaf that was shredded like tobacco.This was the centerpiece of her most  consistent  and  mysterious  ritual.She removed the lid from this  blue  box and turned it on its back and used it to burn a pinch of the leaf.It made  tiny  pops and hisses as it burned.She turned her chair toward it and sat inhaling the  thin  wisps of smoke.The smell was  pungent, as if from the underworld. See also:  Exercise in Identifying Adverbs

Engineering Materals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering Materals - Essay Example Crevice corrosion is a localized and geometrically controlled form of corrosion. They are the products of situations containing a stagnant solution and corrosion friendly microenvironments. This type of corrosion can occur between rivet heads, lap joints, in threads and anywhere a small crevice is formed in which at least one side is a metal. As in all types of corrosion, an anodic reaction: exists which propagates over the entire surface. However, the geometry of the crevice restricts cathodic reaction such that the dissolved oxygen cannot be replaced. Thus the region within the crevice becomes exclusively anodic while the region outside becomes cathodic. An electric imbalance result attracting the negative ions into the crevice. The small size of the crevice screens the incoming ions such that the concentration of the chloride and the hydrogen ions increases within the crevice. The pH of the solution within the crevice decreases from 6 to as much as 2 or 3. This increased acidity causes further corrosion within the crevice resulting in massive material erosion from within the crevice region. In most cases, crevice corrosion is not visible from the outside and this hidden nature makes inspection as well as rectification difficult. This is schematically represented in the figure shown: Pitting corrosion is a form of localized corrosion as it does not spread laterally across an exposed surface rapidly but penetrates into the metal very quickly, usually at an angle of 90o to the surface. Stagnant solution conditions favor pitting corrosion. The presence of halide ions, chloride, fluoride bromide and iodide, can all pit metals. The most aggressive ion depends on the metal and ion combination. The effect of pitting is to cause holes on the metal surface which can corrode a large amount of material from the surface. The mechanism of pitting can be divided into two processes – the initiation

Case Analysis of Tata Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Analysis of Tata Motors - Essay Example It was a very conscious effort considering the situation of global car market and the company’s competitive advantages. Nano has been marketed as the â€Å"World’s Cheapest Car† and the company has adopted a very unique development and business model for this special child of it. One of the most important advantages that the company enjoys is that it has more than enough knowledge about its home market i.e. India, its competitors and its suppliers. Tata Motors and its chairman Ratan Tata want Nano to create same magic that Mini did in Britain and Beetle did in Germany. Furthermore, the company and its visionary management could foresee the future of global car market which is expected to be very much dominated by the low-cost as well as ultra-low-cost cars. This paper includes the answers of four questions that are based on a case of Tata Motors and its Nano. The paper aims to discuss the reasons behind the Tata Motors’ decision to enter the market of ultr a-low-cost cars, competitive advantages of Tata Motors as well as Nano, probable screening criteria for the Nano’s IMS process and the potential market for Nano beyond India and China. Main Reasons for Tata Motors entering the ultra-low-cost car market Global car industry and its competitive landscape have been experiencing significant alterations which are permanent and dramatic. One of the main reasons behind this is the change in nature of demand of the end users across the globe. A completely new and unique class of car buyers has been emerging in the industrializing countries like China and India. Such incident has created a huge potential for cars which can be found in the price range of $2500 - $5000. Such cars are popular among the manufacturers and buyers as ultra-low-cost cars. A report of A. T. Kearney says that till 2020, almost 16 million cars from this category will be sold every year. India and other Southeast Asian countries will be the key market for such typ e of cars (A. T. Kearney, 2008). Chinese and Russian consumers are expected to look beyond ultra-low-cost cars as they have moved ahead of their Indian counterparts in terms of income level. This new category of cars is likely to experience tremendous demand especially from India. In 2005, almost 208 million Indian had an income that theoretically allows them to buy a car that costs in between $2500 - $5000. It is expected that by the end of 2020 there will be around 439 million people who will be looking for these ULCCs. It is important to mention that most of these people will be ‘first time buyer’ of car. Research shows that if the car is priced at around $4000 then almost 270 million Indians will be in a position to buy it, whereas if the starting price is set at around $2500 then the number moves up to 530 million (A. T. Kearney, 2008). Tata Motors, being an India based car maker knows the market more than any other company. The company is very much aware of the ab ove mentioned facts and figures; hence this huge potential of ULCCs has definitely influenced Tata Motors to make an entry in ULCC market. Tata Motors did its own research before coming up with the plan of Nano. The company targeted the market that no other auto maker in the country has done it. It has targeted the two wheeler owners. India is such a country where people use two-wheelers as their

Light Photography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Light Photography - Assignment Example Diffusion scatters light making the source broader and softer. For example, when clouds drift in front of the sun, shadows get less distinct. For the shadows to disappear, just add fog. Thirdly, bouncing light acts as diffusion. By aiming a narrow source of light at a broad matte surface such as wall and ceiling, it will not only reflect the light but will also diffuse it by scattering it over a wider area. The further the light source, the more it falls off meaning it gets dimmer on your subject. If light is moved twice as far from the subject you end up with only one quarter of it on the subject. Light fall-off can be used for varying the relationship between the light on your subject and your background. If a light source is placed close to the subject, the fall-off from the subject to the background will be more pronounced. When light is moved further from the subject, the background will be relatively brighter. Generally, I have learnt a lot from the light photography assignment. Light lessens shadows, the closer the source of light the closer the light, diffusion scatters light, and that bouncing light acts as diffusion. The further the light source, the more it falls off, Light falloff can be used to vary relationship and Front lighting deemphasizes

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods NAME: LUCKY AMADI DISCUSS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS. INTRODUCTION. What is Research? Research is an inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed development. Research helps to acquire knowledge about a particular thing it is done to understand. It can also be seen as the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research methods are often divided into two main types: Qualitative Research methods Quantitative Research methods Qualitative Method of Research. Qualitative research which is also called Field research is done to gain a deep understanding of a specific organisation or event rather than the surface description.it is aimed at getting a better understanding through first experience, truthful reports and quotation of actual conversations, also aims to know how participants derive meaning from their surroundings and how their meaning influences their behaviour. Qualitative research makes use of observation as a data collection method; this is the selection and recording of behaviours of people in their environment, observation is useful for generating in-depth descriptions of organisations or events, for obtaining information that is otherwise inaccessible, and for conducting research when other methods are inadequate. The context or background of behaviour is included in observations of both people and their environment. Stages in Participatory Observation Selection of a site and definition of problems, concepts and indicators. The problem or phenomenon of interest is first identified by the researcher; he tries to discern what will yield the greatest understanding of that problem. The researcher then identifies preliminary concepts and what data will be gathered as indicators of those concepts. The researcher chooses a strategy to move into the researcher. This involves an overt or a covert role for the researcher, issues may include how to record observations (writing notes, tape recordings, video tape) as well as ethical issues (privacy, confidentiality, etc.) Strategies include: adopting a passive role at first, learning the ropes; don’t seek data aggressively until later; be a researcher not a therapist, answer questions but don’t become closely identified with any one person until you are sure it will not cost you information in the long run, be non-persistence. Selecting people and events to observe. Primary sources also known as â€Å"key informants† of information are identified by the researcher. These people may be relied upon in the beginning to help the researcher get acculturated to the situation. The statements of key informants can be taken as evidence, even if their statements are somewhat self-serving. The researcher must also be aware of possible differences between the validity and intention of volunteered statements that are made in response to the researcher’s questions. Develop relationships with the participants. Researchers must have the trust and confidence of the informants. Researchers must speak their â€Å"language† and understand their â€Å"world†. The researcher can note the differences rather than accept one and reject the other. The researcher must determine whether certain things are not being said because of his or her role as â€Å"researcher† or whether they can use their position as â€Å"neutral outsider† to gain more information. Analysing observations. The researcher can check whether none, all or some proportion of behaviours or events occur under distinct circumstances. A preliminary model can be generated to explain the data collected. Further observations are then collected which can strengthen or weaken the researchers preliminary model. Final analysis and interpretation. Models are checked against the evidence. Advanced concepts and evidence for their support and refutation are checked. The major problem is how to present the data in a brief but meaningful form. Advantages of Qualitative research. It gives the researcher freedom to let the study unfold more naturally. The researcher gains more detailed and rich data in the form of comprehensive written descriptions or visual evidence such as photographs. It looks at the context and social meaning and how it affects individuals. Disadvantages of Qualitative research. It is time consuming. It is difficult to code data. It is not applicable to widely dispersed social settings It is difficult to control for researcher bias. Quantitative Research of Method. Quantitative research can be seen as explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods; this method reduces the data into numbers, the researcher helps to analyse the data with the help of statistics. The researcher knows in advance what he/she is looking for and all aspects of the study are carefully designed before the data is collected. Its objective is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. Process of Quantitative research method. Developing models, theories, and hypotheses of what the researcher expects to find. Developing instruments and methods for measuring the data. Experimental control and manipulation of variables. Collecting the data. Modelling and analysing the data. Evaluating the results. Principles of Quantitative Research. Objectivity is important. Methods and conclusions are examined by researchers for any possible bias. Researchers go to great length to ensure that they are really measuring what they claim to be measuring. External factors which might affect the result must also be controlled as it might be the other factor which produces the result. When looking at results the P value is important, P stands for probability. It measures the likelihood that a particular finding or observed difference is due to chance, P is between 0 and 1, the closer the result is to 0 the less likely it is that the observed difference is due to change, the closer the result is to 1 the greater the likelihood that the finding is due to chance and that there is no difference between the variables. Advantages of Quantitative method of research. It allows researchers to measure and analyse data. It helps to carry out test for hypotheses in experiments because of its ability to measure data using statistics. The researcher is more objective about the findings of the research. Disadvantages of Quantitative research. It doesn’t study things in a natural setting or discuss the meaning things have for different people unlike qualitative method of research. A large sample of population must be studied; the larger the sample of people researched the more statistically accurate the results will be. CONCLUSION. Each of these researches are done for a purpose just like Qualitative is done to gain understanding of a specific organisation or phenomena, Quantitative is done by analysing data with the help of statistics it has to do with numbers. Just like everything they both have their advantages and disadvantages. REFERENCES Anderson, ML and Taylor, H.F (2009) sociology. The essentials Belmont C.A Thomson Wadsworth.

Piracy :: essays research papers

Piracy Recently, The Toronto Star published an article entitled "RCMP seizes BBS, piracy charges pending." The RCMP have possessed all computer components belonging to the "90 North" bulletin board system in Montreal, Quebec. The board is accused of allowing people the opportunity to download (get) commercial and beta (or commercial) software versions. I feel that the RCMP should not charge people that are linked to computer piracy, because the pirated software offers valuable opportunity to programmers and users. Also, revenue lost to the large software companies is such a small amount that the effect won't be greatly felt by them and so it is not worth the policing effort required to track down the pirates. When pirates distribute the illegal software, one could say that they are helping, than hurting the software companies. By distributing the software world wide, it creates great advertisement for the software companies and their products. Although the software company is losing profits from that particular version, it could generate future sales with other versions. Also, when the pirates distribute the software this could be a great source of test data for the software companies. This is an effective way to catch any unfounded bugs in the software program. From debugging to hacking, hackers can benefit the most. They can study and learn from the advancements with in the programming. So what does all this activity tell us? This tells us the people are willing to go to great lengths to get software at a lower cost, or possibly in exchange for other software and that they are succeeding in their efforts. Although more than 50% of their software income is from other companies which do not pirate, this poses a problem for the software industries. By fining a single bulletin board out of the thousands in North America, there would be little accomplished. Not to mention the fact the it is extremely difficult to prove and convict people under the Copyright Act. In today's society, revenue from software is such a small income source for corporations such as WordPerfect Corp. These companies make their money mainly from individuals purchasing extra manuals, reference material, supplementary hardware, and calling product support. Software companies are conscious of the pirate world and the changes they have made. Some companies actually want you to take the software by using the SHAREWARE concept. In SHAREWARE one gets a chance to use demo programs and then pay for the full purchase if he feels it is worthwhile. It is a bit like test driving a car, before one buys. In most cases, users are happy and end up

R.L.Stevenson in ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ to Heighten the Horror Essay

During the novel ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,’ R.L.Stevenson uses many techniques and language devices such as metaphor, simile, irony and personification to gradually heighten the horror. Stevenson has some powerful passages such as, the trampling of the child, the murder of Sir Danvers Carew and the transformation of Jekyll at Dr Lanyons. Stevenson sets the story in London, 1886, which at this time was the richest part of the entire world. Many of the people who lived there had little contact with crime, which is ironic because Mr Hyde, a character within Dr Jekyll, disturbs the whole scene into that of a scary and tense area. The main settings where horrific things happen are usually described as ‘†¦almost deserted†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘†¦lamp-lit†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which is a very good setting for heightening the horror in the novel. It shows mystery and emptiness which makes you wait for intense action, this causes the rhythm and speed of the story to change depending on the setting. A setting described as ‘†¦foggy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘†¦nocturnal†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ fits greatly into a society like Dr Jekyll’s in London a place of which is dominated by secrecy the whole way through, which add suspense to the story their makes it more tense for the reader. The mystery begins at the very start, where we meet Utterson who is an intelligent lawyer who does not quickly judge other people. Mr Utterson becomes our guide throughout many of the chapters and we see all of the discoveries he makes. The door in Dr Jekyll’s house stands out because Mr Hyde uses it as if were his own and a theme of mystery evolves around it, because we do not know where it leads to. This is where we first meet Mr Hyde. He is hard to describe but has a strong effect on everybody who meets him. His behaviour is unusual. He tramples on a girl and appears to be really calm about the situation, as if he has no fear in life, which is extraordinary and inhuman. Without a fuss he accepts what he has done wrong and agrees to pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 compensation. The money is paid by cheque ‘†¦signed by a name [Utterson] cannot mention†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢which gives a really strong sense of mystery which carries through until the end of the novel. In chapter two ‘The Search for Hyde’ the mystery deepens even more. We here that Jekyll has left ‘†¦all his possessions†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in a signed Will to the evil Mr Hyde. Mr Utterson was the first person in the novel that we heard about, we trust him the most and therefore share in his concerns about Jekyll which appears to be blackmail. All of the mystery that Stevenson adds to the story helps make it more horrific and tense for the raeder. As the story continues, Utterson sees Hyde’s face and describes him as ‘†¦pale and dwarfish†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and that he is a mix of ‘†¦timidity and boldness†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which is very intriguing because he show two characteristics in a weird way which gives us the theme of duality. Other people find it hard to describe him, Enfield describes him as giving ‘†¦a strong feeling of deformity†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ but ‘†¦ he is not easy to describe.’ Which forces people to read on further and get deeper into the book. Although he is described as giving ‘†¦a displeasing smile†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and having a ‘†¦ghastly face†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the reader is not given a quality description of his face, which in my opinion is done deliberately by Stevenson to give a mysterious image to Mr Hyde. This causes the reader to concentrate on him and want to learn more about him, therefore would be more horrific for the reader because he does not even know what the mutant looks like, we only know his actions. Mr Hyde represents ‘†¦the beast in man†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and is described as animalistic in many occasions. An example of this is when Mr Utterson meets him and describes him as ‘†¦hissing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ like a cornered snake. Another is when Poole evaluates him as a ‘†¦thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢that squeals ‘†¦like a rat†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ he moves about ‘†¦like a monkey†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and screams in ‘†¦mere animal terror.’ These are examples of similes which suggest that Hyde is abnormal and is compared with the characters of animals-which relates to the Charles Darwin theory of apes and backward evolution, which would be terrifying for a Victorian reader because they did not believe in the theory. Mr Hyde shows how evil and spiteful he is by making the transforming of character involuntary, for Jekyll to see that his hand is ‘†¦thickly shaded with a swart. growth of hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which makes him describe his double personality and character as ‘†¦the animal within me licking the chops of memory.’ Hyde was haggard in the way that he ‘†¦snarled aloud into a savage laugh†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢which suggests how he is related to evil, like a monster. Many horror stories have monsters and other characters to portray them as horrific, but Stevenson takes it a step further and makes you picture a monster of your own choice with the little information and description given to you, this builds up the tension and horror layer by layer the more you read on. Another theme is shown when the Jekyll/Hyde double in the laboratory is described as having ‘†¦a mask upon his face.’ This shows the dual nature of Jekyll/Hyde. The weather also plays a big part in the story, it effects it by making the atmosphere feel real and heightening the horror. Stevenson uses pathetic fallacy to change the setting and atmosphere into one of which suits the story, ‘†¦it was an early cloudless night†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘†¦a brilliantly lit lane†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ with a ‘†¦full moon†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢which gives a sense of calmness. Stevenson then gives intense action, which has a strong effect on the reader and therefore effectively heightens the horror. The action is a murder, which is very horrific anyway. A maidservant witnessed the murder from her bedroom window. The maidservant described the victim, Sir Danvers Carew, as ‘†¦an old aged beautiful gentleman†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ she did not recognise him but he seemed to have ‘†¦an innocent and old-world kindness of disposition†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He came across a small man who the maidservant recognised, Mr Hyde. Sir Danvers Carew addressed Mr Hyde politely but Hyde, without replying, ‘†¦broke out into a great flame of anger†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Carew’s bones ‘†¦audibly shattered.’ The body ‘†¦jumped upon the roadway†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ until it became ‘†¦mangled.’ The murder weapon was a stick made of ‘†¦very tough and heavy wood†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ of which broke ‘†¦under the stress of his insensate cruelty.’ This is by far the most intense and scariest part of the book because Stevenson uses emotive language and other language devices to show a great contrast of description shown between Carew and Hyde of good and evil, which makes Mr Hyde seem an extraordinary evil character of ‘†¦cruelty.’ Dr Henry Jekyll is a well-known chemist and physician with qualifications to his name. We meet him in the third chapter ‘Dr Jekyll was quite at ease’. He is described as a ‘†¦large, well-made, smooth faced man of fifty†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ who had ‘†¦something of a slyish cast.’ He had ‘†¦every mark of capacity and kindness.’ He is a wealthy man whose autobiography is shown in his ‘Statement’ this tells us that he was born into a well-off family and he had a brilliant education. Jekyll is hypocritical to himself because he sees the evil side of his nature (Hyde), yet does not accept him as a natural part of him in his life and is also arrogant, thinking that he can control nature. The theme of duality is shown in many parts of the story, when Utterson shows Mr Guest, a writing expert, a letter and he notices that ‘†¦the two hands are in many points identical†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ between Hyde’s and Jekyll’s handwriting. Stevenson uses irony to make profound statements about the personality of humans, this helps the main theme and adds more information to explain the moral of the story. During the novel, we are told the story through the eyes of many people such as Enfield, Utterson, Lanyon and eventually Jekyll himself. The whole moral and idea of the story is hidden until Lanyon’s narrating, the technique of multiple perspectives which is a very good way of heightening the horror and allows us to see more clearly into their characters and relationships. Another technique used by Stevenson is revealing the plot via letters, diaries and casebooks; this makes us feel that we are actually inside the story, living out what happens and makes us equally confused by not knowing what exactly is happening. Stevenson also uses dreams as the technique of authentication because he uses things like diaries etc to continue the story; an example is when Utterson has a dream, which is full of evil foreboding, which causes the reader to have a greater desire to unmask the mysterious hidden face of Mr Hyde. This is very intense because it is what happens in real life, you have nightmares of bad things and cannot get them off your mind. In conclusion I found out that Stevenson gives a sense of tension throughout the narrating of each character, by using pathetic fallacy, detailed settings, literary devices and strong themes and morals. I think each character has a sense of mystery and horror about them of which we will never get to know. I also think that what you see is not always what you get, because nobody would have known that such an evil character could have came from someone as kind and well mannered as Dr Henry Jekyll. Evil Hyde was a natural part of Jekyll’s personality along with the good side, but because Jekyll was so arrogant he destroyed himself by trying to separate the two. The main theme is that all humans have at least two facets of their personality, good and evil, and that these exist in different measures. It is quite horrific for us to realise that the potential for evil, like Hyde, is inside each and every one of us!!

Leadership, Its Requirements, Roles and Objectives

Leadership, Its Requirements, Roles and Objectives Introduction Leadership is an essential aspect for the success of any organization in the world. This concept has been in existence for thousands of years. All through the history of humanity, we have read about great leaders, the influence they had on people and the success that has was accrued from their leadership. In modern history, the concept of leadership has been integrated in the management of various firms and organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, Its Requirements, Roles and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These firms have discovered that strong leadership is an essential factor to their success. As a result, organizations have been looking for individuals with desired leadership skills to lead their organizations (Rowe, 2007). Leadership is therefore the process through which an individual gathers and earns support of others through social enlistment so that they can work t ogether to attain certain goals and objectives that have been set (Stogdill, 1989). The achievement of these goals and objectives ensures that the organization becomes cohesive and coherent. As a result, it will be much easier for the organization to achieve its long-term mission, vision, goals and objectives. However, for an organization to achieve all these, it must have a good leader with desirable leadership qualities. This is due to the fact that it is the leader who initiates directs and controls the growth and development of an organization. Therefore, the success of an organization depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of the leader. To inspire his/her followers, the leader has to be, know and do certain things that will enable his followers to work together as a team to achieve the specific goals and objectives of the organization. This can only be acquired through experience and study. With respect to all this, the question as to whether leadership is a transformatio nal process or a form of control always arises. Although they may seem similar in theory, their concept and application is very different.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To understand these concepts, this paper will critically analyze leadership, its requirements, roles and objectives. The discussions and conclusions that will be made shall be used to determine whether leadership is a transformational process or a form of control. The Process of Leadership The process of leadership is applied by putting into practice the knowledge and skills that the leaders have learned through time. This is what is called the process of leadership (Northouse, 2007). It has been disputed for a long time that leadership is an inborn character. However, from the studies that have been conducted, it has been proved that leadership is a quality that can be leaned through practice and experience. However, for an individual to be a leader, he/she has to posses traits and qualities that influence his/her thoughts or actions. This is what scholars refer to as the trait of leadership (Jago, 1982). These include the beliefs, values, cultures and ethics of an individual. These factors affect the manner in which an individual looks at a situation, the judgement that they will make out of it and the possible solutions that they may come up with. With regards to this, there are factors that contribute to the growth and development of strong leadership qualities in an individual. These include personal values, followers support, communication and situational analysis. A leader must contain strong personal values. These values are essential since they portray the kind of leader an individual is, the relationship he has with his colleagues and other stakeholders, his ability to work and achieve the goals and objectives of an organization and the chances of him/her being suc cessful in his career. A leader therefore must have a strong personality, be able to interact with people and be rational. At the same time, a leader must earn the trust and support of his followers. To be a successful leader, one needs to understand the needs and requirements of all his employees, act as a mentor, motivate and reward hard working employees, be honest and fair. In addition, a leader needs to ensure that his employees have a conducive working environment. This increases the chances of them achieving the goals and objectives of the organization (Lamb and McKee, 2004). All these factors will ensure that a leader has the trust and support of his employees. This will guarantee the success of an individual as a leader (Mischel, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, Its Requirements, Roles and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication is an essential aspect for the success of a n organization and an individual as a leader. It is the role of the leader to ensure that his organization has proper channels for communication. To achieve this, a leader has to ensure that information flows in all directions. This ensures that information flows through all the levels of the organization without being distorted. At the same time, the leader will be able to know the requirements and needs of his employees. This will therefore boost the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization and the leader in particular. Finally, a leader must be able to critically analyze each situation and come up with favourable solutions to them. To achieve this, the leader should treat each situation differently. He/she must have good judgement and analysis skills. This will assist in the identification of the problem and formulation of long lasting solutions (Newstrom and Davis, 2003). At the same time, a leader needs to be consistent in the manner in which he/she looks at situations. This will ensure that there is uniformity in the manner in which he/she conducts his activities. As such, the organization will grow and develop in a definite manner (Bass, 2010). All these factors are essential in the making or identification of a good leader. These factors are very essential in any organization. It is the goal and objectives of all the organizations to achieve their goals and objectives. To achieve this, they need to develop, grow and expand their services. This objective can only be realised by having a good leader with desired qualities. Therefore, it is the role of the leader to transform an organization so that it can realize its goals and objectives. There is a factor in any complex system that has the power and authority to control the entire system. Usually, this factor is manpower. Over time, man has had the opportunity to influence many systems in the world. In this day and age, man still has the same influence over many systems and subjects. This rule i s referred to as the Ashby rule of requisite variety (Bateson, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To put this theory into practice, authority in an aeroplane is under the pilot, in a car is the driver and in organizations, it is the management. This law therefore shows that in every system, there has to be an individual who runs and controls how a system works and operates. This individual is the leader and is responsible for leading a system in a desired direction. The nature of leadership is has been changing drastically with time. Leadership has been in existence for many centuries. To carter for the changing needs of individuals, organizations and societies, leadership models have been transformed. As a result, the leadership models that were in practice several decades ago have become outdated hence cannot produce the desired results in the modern day societies. Due to this fact, several studies have been conducted to come up with means of developing individuals with leadership qualities to meet the demand for leaders in the modern world. This concept has gained a lot of po pularity after the assumption that leadership is an inborn quality was found not to be true (Burns, 2009). The assumption that leadership is an inborn quality made it difficult to select individuals who have the desired qualities to run various organizations. This is because, different organizations have different goals and objectives and as a result, they require individuals who posses different qualities to run and manage them. Due to this fact, researchers concentrated on developing individuals who contained specific qualities that are required to lead in a given situation (Liontos, 2010). This therefore ensured that organizations will be run effectively and efficiently and thus, they will be able to achieve their goals and objectives. However, organizations are dynamic in nature and the situations tend to change. This therefore means that a new leader has to be put in place because of the change in the situation. To solve this problem, scholars and researchers came up with a con cept that made leaders to be flexible in the work and operation. To achieve this, leaders must contain a mix of desired characteristics and qualities that will enable them to work under any situation and in any environment. A given organization is composed of several employees who work to attain the goals and objectives of the organization that they are a part of. They work at the different levels and departments of the organization. To ensure that they operate efficiently, they require an individual who will oversee their actions and ensure that all their activities and operations lead to the achievement of the goals and objective of the organization. John Adair, a researcher in the field of management stated that the needs of the followers are the main reasons behind the essence of leadership (Adair, 1989). Due to the needs of the employees, coupled with the overall goals and objectives of an organization, it is essential to have an individual in place who will brief, plan, contro l, monitor and evaluate the performance of an organization (Adair, 1989). It is the role of this individual to produce a specific outcome within a specified time period. Leadership is therefore essential in the administration and management of any organization (Reisner, 2002). For efficiency, the leadership process is operational at various levels of an organization depending on its structure and human system. On one extreme end, there is strategic leadership that requires the attainment of the vision, mission and objectives of an organization (Rodman, 2006). Here, high quality leadership is required to achieve the specific outcomes of the organization. The leader thus works hard together with his staff to bring the mission and vision of the organization into reality. The leader should therefore focus on creating a working culture that will enable his employees to work together. This will ensure that there are smooth operations of activities within organization. To achieve this, a l eader needs to coordinate the available human effort that is at his disposal to achieve the specific goals and outcomes. He/she should therefore work on maximizing on the strengths of the organization and improving on its weaknesses (Evetts, 2000). Simple leadership models are thus the most effective tools for achieving these objectives. The style of leadership that an individual employs is also essential in ensuring that an organization achieve its goals and objectives. There has been a lot of debate in determining which leadership style is the most suitable for running organization. During the 1960s, Americans came up with a strategy that efficiently analysed the effectiveness of leadership styles (Kanter, 2006). This strategy used the relationship between task and behaviour. According to the strategy, the most efficient leadership style is the one that has a moderation of task and behaviour. This style ensures that the operations and activities of an organization are sustainable in the short-run and in the long run. Another method that was used to determine the efficiency of a leadership style focused on the communication patterns that are present in an organization. Different organizations have different communication patterns. Autocratic, one-way, laissez-faire and multi-faceted are some of communication systems that an organization can adopt. According to this method, an organization with the most efficient leadership style has to have a communication system that allows free flow of information among all the members of staff and embraces democracy. The last method is referred to as the expectation method. According to this method, managers normally contain some expectations from the people whom they lead. In the first theory, managers believe that their employees are not hard working. Due to this fact, they require close monitoring, control and punishment as motivational factors. The other theory states that each individual employee has the potential of performing well. To reach their greatness, they require coaching, training, education and empowerment (Jovanovic, 2011). In practice, both theories are true. It is therefore the role of the leader to determine what type of followers he has so that he can decide on the most effective leadership style that he will use to run the organization. Over the years, there has been a great confusion between leadership and management (Kurtz, 2011). People have been using these terms interchangeably since they do not understand the difference that lies between them. From practice, it is evident that there is a huge relationship between leadership and management. Scholars normally refer to leaders as individuals who show a mix of characters that inspire and emotionally build their followers (Kaplan and Norton, 2006). Managers on the other hand are defined as individuals who obey rules and follow procedures and regulations to achieve set targets or goals while operating systems and exercising cont rol over their subjects (Kaplan and Norton, 2006). At higher levels of an organization, the concept of leadership and management are normally interrelated. This might be the cause of the confusion where people normally confuse these two terms. To differentiate them, management normally focuses on the process of organising, planning and controlling activities of an organization while leadership concentrates on instilling direction, emotional alignment, change and motivation in an organization (Kaplan and Norton, 2006). As a result, leadership is the process that maintains the viability of an organization by ensuring that it is on the track of achieving its short-term and long-term goals and objectives. In addition, proper leadership is a key factor that guarantees the sustainability of an organization in the short-term and long-term. It is therefore a dynamic process that aims at brining change in an organization through transformation so that it can grow and become viable. Leadershi p is therefore the process that influences the followers by guiding and motivating them. To fully explore on this idea, the impact of leadership on followers has been divided into three levels (Kurtz, 2011). The lowest level of leadership is purely professional. Here individuals perform their professional roles individually or as a team. Emotional involvement at this level is minimal as the only relationship that individuals have is that of working as a team. Due to this fact, this level can be said to be purely managerial as it entails the co-ordination of the efforts of an individual with that of his other team members to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization. At this level, the desired ability of an individual can be achieved through education and training. Effective leadership falls at the second level of the hierarchy. This level is much more emotional as compared to the first one. Ability at this level is not learned or trained but rather it is developed through exposure and examination of various leadership models that improve on individual processes and applications. The last level is that of a visionary leader. Here, the leadership process is entirely emotional and entails virtues and qualities such as honesty, trust and discipline. Leadership at this level aims at developing great performance of the followers rather than transforming their hidden abilities. This aims at producing, leading and guiding a group of focused, industrious and talented followers to achieve the set goals and objectives of an organization. Leadership is therefore a transformational process when applied in its most effective way. There is a close link between change and leadership. This link has developed due to the dynamic world that organizations operate in. The needs and requirements of any organization keep on changing with time. These changes normally come about due to shifts in demand and requirements of an organization. To ensure that an organization remain on the track of achieving its long-term goals and objectives, strong leadership is required to ensure that the organization embraces this change and transforms its activities and operations to take advantage of the situation at hand. Leaders therefore need to act as role models, motivate, inspire and gain the support and trust of their followers in order for them to be successful in achieving the goals and objectives of an organization. From this discussion, leadership has been proven to be a transformational process rather than a form of control. Conclusion From the above discussions, due to its nature, leadership has been proven to be a transformational process rather than a form of control. This is because it aims at offering direction, inspiration and motivation to followers. This maximizes their performance hence making it easier for an organization to achieve its vision, mission, goals and objectives. With this realization, organizations have worked hard to ensure that they e mploy leadership styles that will guarantee the achievement of their short terms and long terms goals and objectives. Leadership is also essential as it is used to embrace change within an organization. During the process of change, strong leadership is essential since it leads to the empowerment of the employees and the business as a whole to keep up with the changes that are taking place in the business environment. Changes that can take place in an organization may include missionary changes, operational changes, strategic changes, technological changes and changes in the attitude and perceptions of the employees. Control on the other hand falls under the managerial umbrella that concentrates on organization, planning and control of an organization. It is the role of managers to ensure that employees work according to the standards and requirements of the organization to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. To achieve this, they work within strict rules and guidelin es. Therefore, leadership is ultimately a transformational process. References Adair, J. (1989) Great Leaders. Talbort: Adiar Press Bass, B. (2010) From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18, (3), p. 19-31. Bateson, G. (2008) Steps to the ecology of the mind. London: Paladin Burns, J. (2009). Leadership. N.Y.: Harper and Row. Evetts, J. (2000) Analysing change in women’s careers: Culture, structure and Action  dimensions. New York: Blackwell Publishers Jago, A. G. (1982) Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management  Science, 28(3), p. 315-336. Jovanovic, M. (2011) International Handbook on the Economics of Integration:  Competition, Spatial Location of Economic Activity and Financial Issues.  Sacramento: Edward Elgar Publishing Kanter, R. (2006) Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books. Kaplan, R.S. and Norton D.P. (2006) How to Implement a New Strategy without Disrupting Y our Organization. Harvard Business Review 84 (3), 100-109. Kurtz, D.L. (2010) Contemporary Management 2011. New York: Sage Publications Lamb, L. F. and McKee, K. B. (2004) Applied Public Relations: Cases in Stakeholder  Management. New Jersey: Routledge. Liontos, L. (2010) Transformational Leadership. London: Sage Mischel, W. (2008) Personality and Assessment. New York: Wiley. Newstrom, J. and Davis, K. (1993) Organization Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. New York: McGraw-Hill. Northouse, G. (2007) Leadership theory and practice. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Reisner,R. (2002) When a Turnaround Stalls. Harvard Business Review, 45 (1), p. 15- 18 Rodman, T. (2006) Market Planning and Analysis. New York: Sage Rowe, W. G. (2007) Cases in Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Stogdill, R. M. (1989) Stogdills Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research. New York: Free Press.

Famous vs. Infamous

Famous vs. Infamous Famous vs. Infamous Famous vs. Infamous By Maeve Maddox I have long bewailed the misuse of the word famous to apply to bad people, reminding readers that the word for widely known people of ill repute is infamous. Now I’ve discovered that not only is famous erroneously applied to gangsters and murderers, but now the word infamous is being flung about as if it meant noted or simply, known. The site that brought this latest misuse to my attention features a slideshow about male celebrities who are shorter than average. Each slide provides information under the following headings: Height Date of Birth Number of Children Infamous for One or two of the celebrities are â€Å"infamous for† cocaine use, but the information that appears under the â€Å"infamous† heading for the others is nothing to be ashamed of. Here are a few examples of the behavior labeled infamous on this site: was a dishwasher once was the son of scientists sometimes hides his hand in his pocket to conceal its trembling wears thick black horn-rimmed glasses worked in a beauty salon after high school was godfather to another celebrity’s children These acts hardly fit the OED definition of infamous: Of ill fame or repute; famed or notorious for badness of any kind; notoriously evil, wicked, or vile; held in infamy or public disgrace. Here, for example, are some infamous people noted for their infamous acts: Ivan the Terrible Jack the Ripper Pol Pot Heinrich Himmler Adolf Hitler Josef Stalin Delphine LaLaurie Josef Mengele Tomas de Torquemada Actions that warrant the description of infamous include: burning people to death, performing surgical experiments on conscious children, blinding your architects, boiling your treasurer–that kind of thing. The preoccupation with the celebrity of people–famous or infamous–has coined a new expression: â€Å"famous for being famous.† In the past, the usual way to acquire fame or notoriety was to excel at something, whether writing, acting, or governing. With the advent of self-generated publicity, some people manage to become a focus of public attention for nothing at all. Frequently cited examples of this type of non-fame are: the Kardashian sisters, Paris Hilton, Kato Kaelin, Heidi Montag, Kelly Osbourne, and Ivanka Trump. Here are some words other than famous or infamous that may be used to describe a well-known person: well-known prominent famed popular renowned noted eminent distinguished esteemed celebrated respected illustrious acclaimed great legendary lionized notorious Most of these words are applicable to people known for doing commendable things. The other kind of people are perhaps best ignored as much as possible. Famous and Infamous on Newspapers Monsanto to ditch its infamous name after sale to Bayer (www.theguardian.com) - Syrian Kurdish fighters have detained two British men infamous for their role in the Islamic State’s imprisonment, torture and killing of Western hostages, according to Am (www.nytimes.com) on Broadway’s least-discovered northern stretch.Broadway is arguably the most famous thoroughfare in the world (by one measure, 250 million hits on Google versus 6 million for the Champs-Élysà ©es) (www.nytimes.com) Related posts: â€Å"Famous Doesn’t Apply to Murderers or Gangsters† Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsHyper and HypoA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Giver by Lois Lowry - Essay Example This new gift of music is a representation of hope and rebirth. Jonas will finally be able to experience the actual world and not purely memories. The music also greets him to a different society. The source of the singing Jonas hears is as vague as the novel’s end itself. It could possibly be the music that the town he used to live in learns to create. The music might perhaps simply be an echo of the music in the town, reminding Jonas that his community maybe learning the joy of music the same time he is. The music he hears could also be only figments of his imagination, encroaching as he is dying in the cold. I chose this quote because it shows that Jonas has finally accomplished his ultimate goal for the community, to be able to let them experience affection and solitude, both free will and choice, finally wakening his whole community to the promises of life. The end of the novel is unquestionably hopeful and that is why I like this quote. The whole novel, all throughout, was generally depicting struggle and the writhe to change the way his community was living. This quote finally signified the value and meaning of what he went through and sacrificed for

The Problem of Leadership in Cuba, Mexico and Brazil Essay

The Problem of Leadership in Cuba, Mexico and Brazil - Essay Example 2. Cuba The Cuban tale of independence was preceded by two more important events namely the independence of Haiti in 1791 and the call for independence from Spain in the 1820’s. The Haitian revolution had proven beyond doubt that people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds could operate together to subdue not one but three colonial powers to claim their independence. The Cuban revolution and its constituents resembled the Haitian insurgents in racial composition as the call to arms was taken up by blacks, mulattos and whites alike. Previously the Cuban domain had remained faithful to Spain even though other nations were claiming their independence. Cuba was given the motto â€Å"The Always Most Faithful Island† by the Spanish Crown although small plans for insurgency had been unearthed throughout the 1830’s and 1840’s. The loyalty towards the Spanish Crown stemmed from dependence on Spain for trade as well as protection from pirates and unease at the rising power of the United States. The actual insurgency was initiated by Carlos Manuel De Cespedes who was a sugar plantation owner. Carlos freed his slaves and declared that any slaves who were presented for military service would be freed. The conflict emerged in 1868 and became known as the Ten Years War with the emergence of a new government supported by blacks, mulattos and white men. Throughout the struggle race was nearly dismantled as a classification as white men served under blacks and blacks and mulattos rose to prominence as colonels, generals and the like. The newly formed government was not recognised by the United States though other European and Latin American governments recognised it. The war ended in 1878 with the Pact of Zanjon as Spain promised greater autonomy to Cuba. In the following year another insurgency was initiated by a Cuban patriot better known as Calixto Garcia. This effort was labelled as the Little War but it received little support. Slavery was abolished generally in Cuba following these events and abolition was completed in the 1880’s. The next conflict in Cuba emerged in 1895 with forces led by Jose Marti who was finally killed in the battle of Dos Rios on May 19, 1895. The large Spanish army outnumbered the insurgents as local people were forced into concentration camps by the military governor of Cuba. The final end of the war in 1898 placed leadership in the hands of the influential whites and some mulattos. Following independence Cuba saw social and political corruption along with short regimes that boomed and waned in rapid succession till the socialist revolution. 3. Mexico Mexico was ruled by a republican general Porfirio Diaz who took over Mexico during the French intervention. Porfirio was in charge of the country from 1876 to 1880 and then from 1884 to 1911 through five consecutive reelections and the period became known better as Porfirio. This era was characterized by large progress in economics as wel l as the arts and sciences though economic disparity was on the rise along with political repression. Election fraud associated with Diaz’s fifth election instigated the Mexican Revolution of 1910 which was led by Francisco I. Madero forcing Diaz to resign in 1911. However Francisco was overthrown only two years later in a coup by the conservative general Victoriano Huerta which put the nation into another civil war

Advanced Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Advanced Management Accounting - Essay Example Therefore, a company should consider the various forms of costing techniques for the purposes of controlling costs and making some important managerial decisions. The generally-used forms of costing techniques include absorption costing, marginal costing, activity based costing, throughput accounting, target costing and environmental accounting. Absorption costing is a technique of product costing that usually includes an appropriate share of a company’s total overheads in the total cost of a product, which are usually taken to entail an amount of overheads that reflects the effort and time that has been used in producing the product (Garrison, Noreen & Brewer, 2003). In arriving at the costs of the product using absorption costing an organization has to go through a three step-process involving allocation, apportionment and overhead absorption. The first step is allocation that entails a process where cost unit or cost center are identified and then those costs that are associated with each cost center are charged accordingly. Overheads clearly identifiable with costs centers are allocated to these cost centers but costs which cannot which cannot be identifiable to cost centers are allocated to general overhead cost centers. For example the cost of a warehouse security guard will be charged to the warehouse cost center but the heating and lighting costs would be charged to general overhead cost center. Under overhead apportionment an organization will start by sharing out of overheads within the general overhead cost centers between other cost centers using a fair basis of apportionment. After this stage of overhead apportionment, those costs that have been allocated to service cost centers are then apportioned to production cost centers including those that are directly allocated and the apportioned costs. Finally, absorption costing ends with absorbing those overheads that have been allocated and apportioned to production centers into the product cost

Problems of New Age Essay Example for Free

Problems of New Age Essay 1) Depressed high school student committing suicide due to stress A final year MBBS student in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bal Mukund Bharti, allegedly committed suicide in his hostel room on 3 Mar 2010 evening. He was apparently depressed over failing in a paper on community medicine. Asian American women ages 15 to 24 lead in the highest suicide rate amongst all ethnic groups, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The Growing Rate of Depression, Suicide Among Asian American Students) 2) Youth Activist from USA Advocates for Youth champions efforts to help young people make informed and responsible decisions about their reproductive and sexual health 3) Sex Slave Approximately 35,000 individuals live as sex slaves in Thailand today. Sold or lured to big cities, these girls (and sometimes boys) are forced under the threat of violence and with no freedom to leave the brothel to provide sex for any and all paying customers. Sex tourism in Thailand is a growing industry, perpetuating the demand for sex slaves. 4) Child Marriage Forced marriage is a cultural practice in Afghanistan * Marriages are used to settle debts or to strengthen family status through social alliances * Poor families consider a daughter as an economic burden who must be married quickly to reduce the financial strain. Education is critical to achieving equality for girls * Yet, girls continue to have limited access to school due to restricted movement, cultural barriers, shortages of female teachers and poor facilities, especially in rural areas. * In July 2009, UNICEF established Girls Resource Forums in 20 schools cross the West of Afghanistan, where 2,000 girls and 100 female teachers come together to play, learn, and discuss issues important to their lives. The aim is to strengthen the girls self confidence and inter-personal skills, by making them talk about themselves, listen to each other and help their peers to make decisions or cope with a situation. 5) Addiction to internet gaming * Lee Seung Seop, Korea. * On August 3, 2005, he achieved global notoriety when he visited a nearby Internet cafe and proceeded to play World of Warcraft and StarCraft for almost fifty onsecutive hours. Ultimately exhaustion and dehydration induced heart failure and he went into cardiac arrest. He died shortly thereafter at a local hospital. * the parents of a three-month old daughter were so obsessed with an online role- playing game that they neglected their little one until she starved to death. * The parents, both Jobless, played the game † called Prius online † for 12 hours a day at a PC bang only returning once a day to feed powdered milk to their daughter 6) Family Problems

History Of Gender Inequality In Movies Film Studies Essay

History Of Gender Inequality In Movies Film Studies Essay The classic Hitchcockian woman remains a staple image of glamorous femininity within Western culture a depiction of femininity which has survived various waves of feminism, Betty Friedans condemnation of The Feminine Mystique (1963) and Naomi Wolfs revelation of The Beauty Myth (1991). Despite these attempts to eradicate such depictions of constructed womanhood, the Hitchcock blonde seems to remain forever in vogue, consistently seeing a resurgence within visual media, both in the cinema and within fashion editorials and advertising. The fact remains that this version of Woman remains steadfast within the culture conscious, upheld as the pinnacle of class, elegance and demure femininity. The dominating and controlling powers of the existing patriarchal culture system has created, promoted and perpetuated the idea of this previously discussed idyllic femininity. Despite the suggested modern progressions in gender equality, inevitably, it must be understood that this version of passive femininity is glamorised simply as it promotes a more manageable version of woman for masculinity. It seems ludicrous; however, that passive femininity is so thoroughly promoted within modern visual culture, openly focusing upon aesthetics which characterise the Hitchcock Blonde, while seemingly choosing to forgo the consideration of what these iconic representations actually communicate. There is a consistent re-emergence of this sort of glamorisation within fashion and advertising (Fig. 1 4), serving only as a constant re-communication of its desirability, seemingly ignoring the fact that this also glamorises the kind of ideology expressed in these films as well as the style. In essen ce, these images of woman, promoted in contemporary times, seems extremely regressive, as all they can inevitably communicate is an era of woman that is constantly depicted as dominated by man while plagued by the feminine mystique, ultimately demoralised and trapped within their domesticity. A time when, as Friedan discusses, women were defined only in sexual relation to men mans wife, sex object, mother, housewife and never as persons defining themselves by their own actions in society. In the twenty first century, however, there exists a general consensus that this kind of gender inequality is a thing of the past, truly a problem for a long forgotten era. Yet, the reality remains that while progress has certainly been made towards a more positive outlook for femininity under patriarchy, progress has been severely overestimated by the media, allowing the facade of equality and demonstrative exhibitions of gender equality in the work place to permit this belief in substantial developments. For example, while women may now have a more substantial position within the workforce, the fact remains that behind the headline figures of near equality of participation, there remain major differences in the employment conditions and pay of women and men, ultimately highlighting the remnants of this deep seated belief in a gender hierarchy, of passivity and dominance. While there may exist this facade of equality, seemingly functioning in order to placate society, the ideology which creates this unequal environment remains in action. This lack of evident progression within media representation seems to highlight what many third wave feminists or post feminism movements have expressed that this lack of significant results is the cause for a decrease in the optimism and idealism which seemed to characterise the feminist movements of the 1970s. Far from seeing this as perhaps position for the current state of feminism, it could be argued to, instead, be a positive progression. Judith Stacey, interviewing the second-wave feminists and their daughters, found that this new generation of feminism did not want to continue the trend of anger and political protests. An opinion which seems to be the current assessment, as the observations of Alice Rossi, through her studies of the feminist movement over the past hundred years, reveals the desire to see a ch ange in how feminist values are acted out. This seems to suggest that movement towards a more post feminist approach to equality, combined with a more postmodern approach to media representations seems to be the way in which progression can be made. A dramatic reorganisation of a representational system would certainly be both too radical and inconceivable, but adhering to more postmodern ideas surrounding complicity would perhaps provide more progressive results. Linda Hutcheon, literary theorist and postmodernist, believes that the combination of both complicity with dominant representational strategies and critique is what characteristically defines a work as postmodern. Essentially suggesting that the process of working within the cinema system, utilising the existing codes and conventions which have been responsible for publicising and perpetuating this image of passive femininity, yet producing work which suggests the possibility for a re-evaluation of the ruling ideology. The use of a more postmodern approach to progression is certainly more appealing, reinforced by the ways in which Hutcheon discusses how: contemporary artists engage with the systems of the media and the market with strategies of subversive complicity, by which she means the ability to operate within dominate codes of representation while at the same time questioning them. Considering this in the context of a more progressive cinema system, postmodernism would function by utilising the position as an insider, operating many usual codes and conventions, yet ultimately working to de-toxify existing cultural conventions, the givens that go without saying' within narrative, mainstream cinema. Presenting the possibility of providing the feminist cause with a way in which to resist or alter oppressive ideologies from within the system which has been responsible for creating them.  While not all postmodern work may utilise this process of subversion through complicity, there is certainly an argument for its use in the cause of progressing equality within cinema narratives for women. Perhaps the best example of such subversion within cinema lays with the work of director David Lynch. Fittingly, his Hitchcockian influence is obvious with his obvious addressal of of film noir aesthetics as well as with his implimation of HITCHOCKIAN THEMES SUCH AS VOEYIRSM, PSYCHOLOGY HIS INTENTIONS ARE OBVIOUSLT ALWAYS TO SUBVERT THE DOMINANT ORDER OF CINEMA   While he may not specifically have such aims, the work of Lynch can be argued to showcase a possible development towards a more agreeable cinematic depictions or messages which differ from the dominant order. While Lynch may adhere to many typical conventions of cinema (often passive women, voyeurism, dominance, violence etc) women are not alone in their degradation within Lynchs narratives. Postmodernism? while not all postmodern work may utilise this theory or complicity in order to create change, there is certainly an argument for the success of such an approach. Such an approach seems useful for the cause of feminism, allowing cinema, to not be utterly deconstructed and reconstructed, but instead, merely subverted. Perhaps one of the most notable examples of this kind of subversion is the work of David Lynch. His work complies to the general rules of cinema, presenting Typical cinematic depictions? Women and men? Narrative? But at the same time, causing spectators to witness a narrative which subverts what mainstream cinema has caused them to expect. Considering this idea of postmodernism within cinema, the discussion of director David Lynch is extremely useful. Primarily considered a surrealist and significantly influenced by Hitchcockian film noir motifs and visual styles, Lynchs narratives adhere to many cinematic conventions, yet subverts the usual message which audiences have come to expect through constant exposure to mainstream cinema. There, for instance, exists a notable lack of the blot which characterises Hitchcocks work, as Lynch instead practices what Zizek refers to a as extraneation: the decomposition of reality in such a way as to expose the fantasy and real elements that constitute it. Essentially, lynch utlisies cinemas abibilty for creating fantasies and entertainment, yet seems to utilise it in a way which creates an unnerving effect. This extraneation presenting fiction, while causing us to consider the reality that formed it. However, it is precisely in this way, Zizek argues, that Lynch achieves what he calls the ridiculous sublime. On the one hand we have the flimsy, absurd symbolic; and next to it we find the real, abominable Thing. In a way quite different from Hitchcock, yet with a certain kinship with him, Lynch has exposed the mechanism of sublimation without altogether dispensing with it. Against the ideology of psychologically convincing characters, Zizek favors Lynchs extraneation of the characters, the effects of which are strangely de-realized or de-psychologised persons. There is a method to Lynchs madness, so to speak. The psychological unity of the characters disintegrates into a spiritual transubstantiation of common cliches, as Zizek calls it here, and into outbursts of the brutal Real, with reality and its fantasmatic supplement acting side by side, as though existing on the same surface. Ultimately, Zizeks reading of Lynch, and by extension Lynchs fim itself, is profoundly political. Their common method is the opposite of obscurantism or pastiche of arcane topics. Both in their own way provide proof that our à ®Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™fantasies support our sense of reality, and that this is in turn a defence against the Real. Together with their sublime thought, both Lynch and Zizek are profoundly entertaining through their ridiculous art.Pg.6 Firstly, Zizeks observation that extraneation in Lynchs work has a magic redemptive quality is ecvhoed in Jungs theory of consciousness and unconscious: Only in an interplay of consciousness and the unconscious can the unconscious prove its value, and perhaps even show a way to overcome the melancholy of the void. If the unconscious, once in action, is left to itself, there is a risk that its contents will become overpowering or will manifest their negative, destructive side (Jaffe. Pg.297) This interplay can be directly observed in the style of all three films, especially where the distinction between dreamlike but real images and dreams as fantasy images are blurred. Pg22 We Live Inside a Dream: The Function and Origins of Dreams in David Lynchs Blue Velvet, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me and Lost Highway